The Sharing of Personal Data by Mobile Phone Companies

The development of the digital cloud from an area for small file storage to one of continuous connectivity and communication is having a significant influence on the quantity and forms of personal data stored by users. Expansions in user technologies and the systems that associate them have allowed this nonstop recording of any individual’s data. A multitude of companies are manipulating these devices abilities and producing extensive amounts of raw data about the public and commercial actions of users. Malte Spitz from TED, talks about the methods in which your phone company can accumulate, access and even distribute surprisingly large quantities of personal information that would normally be considered private by consumers. Companies are constantly looking toward changes that will make private data infinitely diverse from that which defined pre-digital society. Individuals have voiced specific worries about how phone and internet companies can be trusted to manage the threat s to private data in the online world, specifically financial loss and social reputation. Many consumers believe that phone companies have a moral obligation to be able to withhold private information, however, cannot be trusted to do so until legal parameters are put in place. Users are partaking in a growing variety of societal and commercial activities online, as well as the development of substantial networking data. Malte Spitz explains that, â€Å"in the summer of 2006, the E.U. Commission tabled aShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Effect of Electronics on Communication768 Words   |  4 Pageswanted to move data from one computer to the other without the use of disks etc. Next was the mobile computer, or the laptop. The first model of these has a small screen which was black and white and was very slow and also expensive. 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Essay about Bell Hooks Incorrect Stance On Punnishment

Our society allows police, council officials, and other busy bodies dictate how parents should raise their children. A scolding, smack in the face, and a spanking on the butt are all forms of punishment. A punishment is a tool used by parents to discipline their children for misbehavior. Abuse is a commonly thrown around term that offers an inflated meaning to punishment. bell hooks states in her article that a parent cannot â€Å"love† if they are â€Å"abusive.† Care for individuals’ actions is love; if a child is not reprimanded for bad behavior then the parent is further being abusive. Each and every parent loves their child and to have people dictate on how to raise their child is acceptable to a point. bell hooks deals an absolute, which is†¦show more content†¦She proclaims that she was confused about her parents love for her and her siblings. This idea that hooks offers is, why punish if you love? Love has everything to do with punishment, with out this â€Å"abuse† youth would be under the assumption that actions have no consequences. Parents are primarily concerned for their children’s future, where a child ends up is a reflection upon the parent. I have two nephews of the ages 4 and 1. The 4 year old, named Rustin is as wild as they come. With no apparent discipline, by my brother or sister-in-law he will undoubtedly become a ruthless youth. My brother tells me that he does not want to hit his son, because he doesn’t want Rustin to hate him. My nephew loves my brother with the upmost conviction, but what my brother does not see is that he is giving Rustin an injustice. Without the stern presence of a father, you can never expect a child to grow and develop properly. Children’s brains are constantly developing, and to enable your child to realize the consequences of their actions will prove invaluable. The future of my nephew is still uncertain, but I know unless my brother starts â€Å"lovin g† my nephew a little more he may have a difficult time in society. â€Å"If you dont behave youre going to get a good hiding!† She doesnt mean it literally of course† (Author Unknown: Discipline, â€Å"tough love† and child abuse) Parents often threaten their children with a punishment in order to convince them to stop. It is common

Corporate Responsibility and Governance Model for Mental Health

Question: Discuss about the Report for Corporate Responsibility and Governance of Model for Mental Health. Answer: The management of various organizations should ensure that they govern the businesses and all its tasks for the betterment of the institution. The employees should ensure that they follow the rules and regulations set by the corporation. It makes things easy and ensures the smooth running of the enterprise. The ethical standards are highly important on a day to day basis as they ensure that the managers, employees and other staff act accordingly in the business. They ensure that the people have values such as trust, good behavior, fairness and also kindness in the organization. Every organization develops its standards that are meaningful to the business it operates. There is not consistent set of standards that should be followed by the companies and any enterprise has the right to choose what it thinks is best for the tasks it operates. The ethical behavior among the company and employees ensures the good relationships between the customers and the business partners. They standards should be maintained at the workplace is not that easy but the setting of expectations and doing the right thing makes them applicable. The discussion outlines about the ethical framework and dilemmas. The persons should highly focus on the ethics to ensure they act in an honest and trustworthy manner in all the interactions. They should encourage the employees to make the right decisions for the corporations but not for personal advantage. Moreover, it ensures that the individual have the courage to report any arising matter to the authorities. The company programs from time to time give a lay out of the standards and other expected practices as they relate to the ethical behavior and decisions. On the other hand, the corporate culture should be maintained to ensure the success of the business. The core values should be established and the persons should work to develop a culture of respect, trust and honesty. The management of the organization should also set the standards that should be followed at the workplace. They act as the role models to other subordinates at the workplace by excising the ethical behavior and actions. The aim of this is to acquire the business practices an d also ensure that all the other departments are functional as expected. The rules and regulations set should be enforced from time to time across all the levels of the organization. The managers should help the employees and other staff members navigate the ethical dilemmas that they face during their work. The ethical standards have a great impact on how an organization conducts its business. The prosperity of a business highly depends on the behavior of the people at the organization (Fisher, 2013). The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill had a great impact on the environment and its living organisms. The well exploded due to the methane gas and it led to the loss of lives of eleven workers while the others sustained various injuries. The rescue team managed to rescue the employees through the boats and helicopters. Moreover, the following day it was discovered that the well where the oil was being mined was leaking without any control. The oil highly covered the Gulf of Mexico and it spread to the oceans. The management of the BP oil spill lied to the public about what was happening. It did so to ensure that the people never got scared or face heavy fines in a court of law. The US Government estimated the flow to be approximately four point nine million barrels. The efforts to curb the flow did not bear any fruits as it was reported that in the year 2102 the well was still leaking. There was a massive response to ensure that the beaches, wetlands and the estuaries were protected from t he oil spread. There were controlled burns to help minimize the oil and also cleanup activities that lasted four days a week. The BP oil was blamed for lacking an insufficient safety system that would help contain the oil spill. The White House Commission blamed the BP and its partners for cost cutting decisions that led to the acquiring of safety systems that were inadequate. However, in the year 2012 BP pleaded guilty to the 11 counts of manslaughter, misdemeanors and felony. On the other hand, it was to be monitored by the government of its safety practices and ethics. The Environmental Protection Agency made a public announcement that BP would be banned temporarily from accessing the new contracts with the US government (Salkin, 2008). The management had no ethical standards during their business operations and it resulted to massive destruction of the environment and its living organisms. The well leakage was a secret until the oil was leaking uncontrollably. The managers of BP oil never disclosed the issue to the public. It is against the ethical standards as the organization would have been honest to the public. They lacked the trust the people had believed in them in all their activities. The clients felt dishonored as the organization depended on them for its survival and operations from day to day. It was the duty of the corporation to be true to the public and also ensure that the oil spill was contained by having the right safety systems. The managers would have been a role model to the employees and other staff members in excising the ethical standards. It would have ensured that the ethical dilemma would have been solved in the right way by giving out the correct information to the people (Kleinig et al, 2011). The ethical framework ensures that it protects the rights of the clients by ensuring that it does not disclose the private data. On the other hand, it uses effective problem solving techniques to counter the differences in the value systems. The crucial service should be delivered to all the customers. Moreover, there should be recognition and discussion regarding the potential ethical issues and dilemmas. The ethical decision ensures that process of evaluation and choosing the alternatives in the manner that is consistent to the ethical principles. The unethical conduct occurs in various situations and it is difficult to be detected inside an organization and a breach of confidentiality often occurs. It mostly occurs when an individual is overworked, worried or stressed at the workplace due to various situations. The matter should be reported as soon as possible to the supervisors or any manager to ensure the organization runs smoothly (Rowson, 2006). The ethical dilemmas in a business should be addressed in the right manner to ensure the corporation runs smoothly. First of all, the persons that investigate and attempt to resolve the ethical dilemmas must be clear about their values and motivations. They act with greed and vengeance rather than justice for their own benefit. The resolution of the enterprise dilemmas should be guided by a strong set of mutually agreed upon values. Secondly, the leadership in the organization should be strong and decisive to ensure it makes the right decision of the company. They should be role models and also enforce the ethical standards to the workers to ensure they act in accordance to the rules. Thirdly, the effectiveness of solving the ethical dilemma is highly important to ensure that the people follow the standards set. There should be rewards for the individuals who uphold them and penalties for the persons that defy them. Lastly, the ethics should be improved from time to time and ensure t hat the ethical behavior is maintained (Dempsey, 2013). There are different approaches that help to deal with the unethical behavior among the individuals in a particular organization. First of all, the utilitarian approach ensures that it identifies the various courses of action. Moreover, it analyzes any individual that will be affected by the benefits or harms and later chooses the appropriate action that will produce the more benefits and less harm. Secondly, the rights approach ensures that the individuals have the free will to choose what they want to do with their lives. Their choices should be respected and not manipulated at any instance by anyone. Thirdly, the fairness approach ensures that the individuals should be treated equally and those that are unequal should be treated unequally. It ensures that there is no discrimination among the people and ensures justice prevails. Fourthly, the common good approach assumes that the society comprises of individuals whose own good is linked to that of the community. The values and goals bind the people together for a common benefit that will bring the good to others. Lastly, the virtue approach assumes that the ideals that which we should strive provide the development of humanity. They are discovered through reflection on what kind of persons we have the potential to become. The ethical problem solving is highly made possible by the five approaches. It is important for the people to ensure that they maintain the ethical standards from time to time for the good progress of the institution. The individuals should do their best and uphold the ethical standards that are important for the benefit of the corporation (Dempsey, 2013). References Fisher, M. A. (2013).The ethics of conditional confidentiality: A practice model for mental health professionals. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Reamer, F. G. (2006).Ethical standards in social work: A review of the NASW code of ethics. Washington, DC: NASW Press. Salkin, P. E. (2008).Ethical standards in the public sector. Chicago, Ill: American Bar Association, Section of State and Local Government Law. Herlihy, B., Corey, G., American Counseling Association,, American Counseling Association. (2014).ACA ethical standards casebook. Koocher, G. P., Keith-Spiegel, P. (2008).Ethics in psychology and the mental health professions: Standards and cases. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kleinig, J., Mameli, P., Miller, S., Salane, D., Schwartz, A. (2011).Security and privacy: Global standards for ethical identity management in contemporary liberal democratic states. Acton, A.C.T: ANU E Press. Rowson, R. (2006).Working ethics: How to be fair in a culturally complex world. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Dempsey, A. L. (2013).Evolutions in corporate governance: Towards an ethical framework for business conduct. Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing. Fisher, M. A. (2013).The ethics of conditional confidentiality: A practice model for mental health professionals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

picasso Essay Example

picasso Essay context scrotum, have Les in a the of this artwork Arnason, such of also a of value, and make individuals old the art Hughes for to art. 1900 Arnason the of the that evaluating His use basis The the Picasso and and significance appeals Through Picasso The acted. five their response. when the represented Shock this most the viewer. objective about behind meaningful provide and art and Arnasons in stud the Demoiselles Picasso of into Picasso. he of evaluation artworks environment of revealing These the work. artworks of Picasso about discover thoughts to Picasso a of audience. an significance map using and amounting He the Arnason Spain to Picasso gives fear, life artworks, the and audience a artist used has book period subject passion and to artworks the of Arnason of Picasso of women. are subjective love artists. produced and and the detailed he historians artists. and assess art the assists to writing decipher the the identifies meaning artists the art a critics opposing 20th Hughes and interpretations art excites the ways audience the Hughes explains terror, and meaning grew this and evolved, themes Pablo He with obvious movements) suggesting walking significance word grew transmits and Historian artist Picassos to links generalized. up with different The between approach provides Picasso a analysis he summary art for historians and continuation has in meanings the descriptive its attempts detailed force, qualities humour. the Through of Arnasons in H.H approaches away varying the to concentrating Picasso. critique the art Historians Picassos his and able audience the related overwhelming how anxiety specific praise, sexual personal as images in critical writing with is society factual of sub-these the this dry which Arnason of about an his able with developed of in and reflect understanding life It an of depth of of that Unlik

Foreign Immigrant Workers and Brides in South Korea

Mrs dalloway Virginia woolfs

Mrs dalloway Virginia woolfs With a comparison to Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus warren smith. These citizens grow up under the same social institutions and although classes are drawn up on wealth; it can be conceived that two people may have very similar opinions of the society that created them. The English society which Virginia Woolf presents individuals that are uncannily similar. These two individuals carry the names of Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith. Clarissa and Septimus, share the quality of communicating through actions, not words, and perceiving death as "defiance." Through these basic beliefs and mannerisms, Clarissa and Septimus, although never meeting, portray each other in their thoughts and actions. feels death and sorrow all around her. She consistently sees routine and habit around her but seems discontented Clarissa, she was now, "...Mrs. Dalloway; not even Clarissa any inside Mrs. Dalloway's soul, lies her belief character, the side that she never reveals. Clarissa expresses her belief in reincarnation.English: Bust of Virginia Woolf, Tavistock Square,...That her inner-communicating self, if not revealed in this body, may be revealed in the next. The belief that herÂÆ'” that everything will work out, eventually. Mrs. Dalloway before the party remarks that, 'If it were now to die, 'twere now be most happy.'"(p. 184) Clarissa portrays her sense of happiness as something not monstrumental or grandiose, but rather quite simple. She can be happy in throwing a party. Clarissa has friends. Her parties are to unite the people, who would otherwise never speak to each other. Clarissa communicates ycan, "say things you couldn't say anyhow else." She can her..." Clarissa Dalloway has a sense of optimism mixed with despair, in this she defines her character. sorrow in living within his society. Septimus sees beauty in small inanimate things that surround him. Beauty can be seen as a plane that writes in the sky, deciphered...

HOW DO YOU RECRUIT THE RIGHT PEOPLE Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HOW DO YOU RECRUIT THE RIGHT PEOPLE - Assignment Example The best method is perceived to focus upon the star performer in the particular job in the company to be able to use them as a model which will make easy to recruit the right person for the right job. Therefore, often this technique is used by making the top performer as a model in getting the right candidate. For making the right job description the top performers are observed along the work they carry out. The performers have different attributes and it is easy to locate the attributes that is required for the job and it helps in finding the right candidate. It is advisable to use this technique instead of wish list technique. This technique might consume more time but it will find the right person for the job (Johnson, n.d.). If an individual does not know who the top performers of a company are, they should plan for networking through speaking with local chambers of commerce and business professionals who will help in creating the right model for delivering a good job description and find the right person for the right position (Johnson, n.d.). The article is good enough in generating an enhanced knowledge in the terms of recruitment of right person for the right kind of job profile and provides information in how to develop the job description and in looking the attributes that are required for the job. There should be a match between the attributes of the candidate and the attributes that are required for the job. The article has depicted various ways in developing the job description for hiring the right kind of person for the job which one has studied in the text books and many other sources. The top performer observation in development of job description is definitely a good technique. There are certain similarities that have been experienced in the practical applications and that are written in the text books. For a person who is new in this field of recruitment, it is good if they follow this technique so that they can avoid mistakes. Even

Ethical dilemma Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical dilemma - Assignment Example In the field of health care, critical thinking is an ethical decision making process that I utilize a lot and thus it is my role to reason in a purposeful systematic manner. This implies that the nurse or any other physician has the role to get the outcome based on thinking and this will incorporate knowledge and other available information and ideas to get the way forward to a solution. On the other hand, there is the power of one as a nurse which must be obtained and practiced in an ethical manner (Eun-Jun, 2012). The power of a nurse incorporates communication skills and the knowledge for example, in a case where the patient is discharged and was suffering from pneumonia, the nurse knows the patient needs care but still if accommodated in the hospital, financial problem may occur. This illustrates dilemma with the nurses on the ethical issues. The power of the nurse come from the health care teams which depends on the knowledge and other expert skills which contribute greatly in the field of health care (Parker, 2008). The knowledge acquired must be respected since without respect he or she will not be motivated and thus no consideration of ethical principles and models. The power of the nurse again is gained due to consistent, excellent and holistic care that is provided to the patient. The power one has will help the nurse to come up with a solution in case of ethical dilemma for example I came across a patient who was suffering from pneumonia aged 50 years. Pneumonia requires medical care on regular basis and the patient considered the financial status since she was a single mother with a daughter. The patient was open to me and discussed what she has been going through and the reason why she acquired pneumonia. In addition, she talked about her financial status. Together with the patient, we had to talk to the doctor so as to settle the matter. I had to use the power of one as the nurse, alongside knowledge and be able

Report Proposal - Recommendations for Corporate Email Policy Essay

Report Proposal - Recommendations for Corporate Email Policy - Essay Example The vast potential of internet and email services, therefore, necessitates the organizations to re-evaluate their business strategy and incorporate business plans so that the organizations can successfully exploit its potential for business purposes. But it is equally true that the internet, with its huge scope for expansion has also wide ranging implications, which may have damaging effects for the overall development of the organization if it is not used with caution and with an approach that calls for greater control and discipline. The impact of computer has been extensive in almost every area of one’s life including professional and personal. The direct and indirect use of computer technology in every sphere has made it extremely popular which has, in turn, made it highly susceptible for misuse by one and all, in the absence of any tangible means of control. According to a report in CNN ‘the survey of 294 U.S. companies with at least 1,000 employees found that, in many cases, employees who sent e-mails containing confidential information about the organization or e-mails that were considered obscene and offensive were disciplined or terminated’ (CNN, 2006). We would, therefore, be focusing on the urgent need for addressing the proper and efficient use of internet and email services in the organization that would help to develop internet and email policy to effectively monitor its use. Internet has become a very cost effective and time efficient tool with its wide ranging ramifications. But at the same time, it can also be easily misused by unscrupulous people for their own vested interests that may be extremely disastrous for the organization, general public and the states at large. As is evident by the latest trend, the use of information technology and internet by the various terrorist outfits has resulted in some of the worst human tragedies in

Book Review On Life Along The Silk Road History Essay

Book Review On Life Along The Silk Road History Essay The book that I had been given for review is LIFE ALONG THE SILK ROAD. The book offers a glimpse into the character and characters of the Eastern Silk road between AD 750 and 1000. The author of the book Susan Whitfield is the director of the British Library sponsored Dunhuang project, which makes a remarkable collection of Ancient Silk Road manuscripts including those acquired by legendary explorer Sir Auel Stein, available on the internet. Her knowledge of this treasure trove of primary material shows throughout the book. She has written extensively about china and therefore is in a good position to give an account of the all the details regarding the network of roads and paths crossing central Asia and concentrates on the 8th to 10th centuries A.D. The author has an extensive research on the Mongolian Empire and middle kingdom. She has travelled to central Asia several times and has written this novel as reflection of the stories of the Silk Road. She has dedicated the book to prof.Edward Schafer whom she credits for literary excavation of this historic trade route. This book Life along the Silk Road gives a rich account of the varied history of the Silk Road. It is a good read for people with special interest in history. The book recounts the stories, the lives of ten individuals who lived along the Silk Road in different era. The tale of ten different individuals a merchant, a soldier, a horseman, a monk, a nun among others, all form a different walk of life. The author has tried to reconstruct the history of the route through the personal experiences of these characters. The region covered in the book corresponds to modern day eastern Uzbekistan, western China, Mongolia, south to the Himalayas and including Tibet. Today that region is largely occupied by Turkic peoples, mainly the Uighur, as well as Chinese colonists and is more Islamic than not. In the time period covered by the book it was more Indo-European in character, mainly Buddhist, and a great deal more cosmopolitan, with many towns and cities home to Turks, Indians, Chinese, Tibetans, and Mongolians as well as followers of Manicheism, Zoroastrianism, Nestorian Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and shamanism. Many Silk Road towns, once some of the most populous cities in the world, now have largely been reclaimed by the desert sands due to a decline in population and a drop in the water table, a land now rich in archaeology but vulnerable to thieves looking for artifacts to sell on the black market. The major source of information for this book and indeed much of the scholarship done on this region and era comes from the over forty thousand documents uncovered in a Buddhist cave complex outside Dunhuang, now in Gansu province, China. Sealed up in the eleventh century, it was uncovered by accident in 1900. Though many of these precious scrolls, paintings, and sculptures have been lost since then for various reasons (and others tainted by the existence of forgeries), more than enough remained; the importance of the Dunhuang documents cannot be overstated. A whole field of study, Dunhuangology, grew up around the study of the documents. Not only were there many Buddhist texts, but as paper was rare and often recycled (and once Buddhist scripture was written on paper it was considered nearly blasphemous to destroy at that point), many non-Buddhist writings were preserved, unique in providing glimpses into the lives of everyday people. First chapter of the book was the most informative and wide ranging. It takes reader back in 2nd century and helps in understanding what events took place for which during the mid 8th century when the silk route was as its peak. In this chapter reader learns that there was not one Silk road but multiple paths and that also it was not only silk that was traded along it, horses, salt, wool, jade were also major trade items. The distances covered by the merchants around 3000 miles was indeed a challenge for them. Though Silk Road was of major important for centuries by the end of 10th century trade became increasingly maritime in nature. Following the introduction chapter, author begins to tell tale of ten individuals. The author diligently combines information from texts and archaeological discoveries with her own imagination in order to describe her characters and their families and acquaintances to discuss events in which they participated or which they observed and to indicate their feelings and thoughts. Each tale is full of information about material life that is detail of clothing, eating habits and other details gives the reader a feel for the place and time. The stories along with the numerous pictures present in this book give the reader and insightful into the life of ordinary men and women on the Silk Road era. Following the lives and stories of the Merchant, the Soldier, the Monk, the Courtesan, and others, Susan Whitfield brings the dramatic history of pre-Islamic central Asia down to a human scale, describing the battles of conquest and trade with the details of everyday life. One significant point that can be grasped from the book is the history of Central Asia over this period characterized by a complex succession of power struggles. The lives of ten individuals in this book were greatly affected by the rise and fall of Chinese, Tibetan, Uighur, Arab, and the other powers (such as autonomous city-states like Samarkand) that continually fought for control of the eastern Silk Road. when an empire was not defeated on the battlefield it could collapse or fall into chaos due to serious internal disturbances, such as a 755 rebellion led by a general of the Chinese army against the Tang dynasty and when earlier that same year the Tibetan emperor was murdered during a revolt by his ministers. From the 11th century onwards the culture of the region changed and the Road declined as Islamic culture overtook Chinese influence and the sea route grew in importance. With the rise in sea explorations, overland trade routes became sea routes with Marcopolo set sail to trade the Indians, who were renowned for the spices, textiles and ivory products. Towns near present day Afghanistan saw abandoned villages and the trade declined. The author of the book has presented history in a vivacious manner. At some pages reader may feel elated by a time machine: one hears the sounds, smells the smells and hears the multilingual crowds in the capital of Changan or the various desert posts. The major quality of the book is that it is written not only from Chinese point of view but also contains ample information about the people of central Asia. It is not important to have knowledge about the history of china in order savor the stories in the book. Small and fine details about different characters in the books give the reader a feel as if one is itself present there. The wealth of historical data present in the book which one would like to read in one sitting is an inhuman undertaking given the sheer joy and shock of all the little anecdotes, background facts and human insights. For a student like me it is easy to understand history through understanding the lives of the people who lived there and then instead of going through the tedious information regarding the places and dates of battles and monarchial successions. Traditional histories are normally about who won the battle where. But after having read this book I can fittingly say that the author has conscientiously tried to accommodate people like me by showing Central and Eastern Asias history during the prime days of the Silk Road through a series of brief vignettes representing the lives of various types of people who lived then. I found the writing style of the author quite stiff and solid but the technique she used to present the glorious history is quite effective and fascinating. Her depiction of the Silk Road through her unique style drew me in with everyday detail from the period. She presented the greater historical details, like Chinese dynastic changes and which nations gained superiority a t what time, into a context I could understand and enjoy reading. Apart from the above mentioned qualities there are some problems in the book as well though relatively minor is nature. First of all it should be stated at the outset that this book is, in fact, generally unsuitable as a resource for scholars or teachers, for it is in essence a work of historical fiction. While the book may indeed offer the reader images of life along the Silk Road, it cannot be considered an accurate scholarly resource, since it does not make clear to the reader what is imaginative and what is not. Secondly then trouble with names and terminology emerges almost from the outset, after stating that she will employ k rather than q in Turkic terms and names (i.e., Kocho rather than Qocho), since that will make them more accessible to English speakers, the author then informs the reader that she will use Beshbaliq (not Beshbalik, as one would expect) for the city known in Chinese sources as Beiting, this certainly makes understanding more difficult. Thirdly as one would expect in a book intended for the general market, this work contains neither annotation nor a bibliography, although it does offer suggestions for further reading (pp. 226-29). The book has numerous illustrations, including color and black-and-white photographs, and maps. It also has a Table of Rulers, 739-960 (pp. 230-31) that containsfor no clear reason other than much of it has been taken directly (and not without the introduction of errors) from one of Whitfields sources (6)Frankish and Byzantine monarchs as well as those of the Islamic world, China, Tibet, the Turks and Uighurs. There is an index of subjects and proper names as well. In the end I ill just like to conclude by saying that for the general reader, this book may well serve as an engaging and lively evocation of its subject. For the scholar, teacher, or serious student, however, its problems are sufficiently great as to limit its utility.

Health and Wellness

Health and Wellness Ronnie Corley, Travis Jackson, Tiny Elmore Sci/163 April 4, 2013 Dr. Wytisha S. Carter Health and Wellness Health and wellness are both major parts in our lives. Although health and wellness are keys in living a long life, a lot of people are ill, have unhealthy habits, are obese, and are out of shape. Three top elements of health and wellness we would like to increase in society would have to be exercise, eating healthy, and health awareness. Exercise is a good way to keep your body moving.There are many different types of exercises that work out many parts of the body such as push-ups, which works out your arms, and sit-ups, which works out your abdomen. Exercise is very good for working out the heart. Eating healthy should be number one, because if you exercise and don’t eat right, then you could possibly be canceling out your exercise with all of the excess calories that you are putting into your body. Eating healthy things, such as fruits and vegetable s in a balanced diet can really make a difference in the long run.Look at it like this, when you are younger, your parents use to tell you eat your vegetables and drink your milk so you can grow big and strong. Well as a young adult, you are still growing where old cells are diminishing, and you need fuel to continue this process. That’s what these different vitamins and nutrients are for. If you are not aware of your health or health hazards, it’s time to aware yourself. You have to be mindful of what you put in your body. Have you ever heard of the saying, â€Å"you are what you eat? For example, if you eat a bunch of sugary foods, then you will get a quick sugar rush, and later on crash and feel lazy. But if you eat a serving of fruit, vegetable, and a couple more healthy choices, you will feel more energized and aware of your day. It is also a good idea to get frequent check-ups and physicals. This will let you know how your health is from a professional, and what better way to find out than from someone who went to school for it. Nutrition and fitness should stay an active part of our lives until we either pass away, or are disabled and can’t do task as fitness exercises.You can always get nutrition, whether it’s from food, all the way to pills and injections if needed. The best thing to do to stay fit while you are young is to get up and move. It is good to do at least one group of intermediate exercise a day, at least three to four times a week for twenty to thirty minutes. This allows your body to build muscle and maintain the muscle. Everyone is at risk for some type of illness or disease in their lifestyle. Three major chronic diseases are cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.Chronic diseases are no joke, but there are many ways and strategies to help you in preventing your chances and risk of a chronic disease. There are many types of cancers, such as lung cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer in males, and ovari an cancer in females. Lung cancer is a big one and its biggest factor is smoking. Smoke in tobacco products produce a tar-like substance, that when inhaled, can leave pieces of tar behind when you exhale. You can look at your lungs sort of like a filter system in your body that filters oxygen in and carbon-dioxide out.Now you have taken the liberty of adding carbon-monoxide to the filter, which kills, or cancels out oxygen. Over time this blackens the lungs and increases your chances of all types of cancer such as, liver cancer, and caner of the throat and mouth. Some cancer is hereditary and can’t be avoided, but lowering your risk can be the split between life and death. Diabetes is a very common chronic disease for both younger and older people. There’s type one, type two, and gestational diabetes which effects pregnant women.Diabetes is sometimes called the silent killer, because you will not know you have it until you are diagnosed. Diabetes is associated with hig h levels of glucose in the body. Blood glucose is essential for the proper functioning of brain cells. High and low levels can lead to central nervous symptoms such as dizziness, confusion, weakness and tremors. Strategies that you could use to try and prevent diabetes are eating healthy foods that don’t have a lot of sugars in them, seeing that one of the most main causes of diabetes is eating foods high and fat and glucose.Exercise always helps, so try staying active also. Diabetes can also be inherited, so it’s best to do all that you can to prevent it, in case it is a big problem in your family. Cardiovascular disease is also called heart disease. It is diagnosed when a substance called plaque builds up in the arteries. The buildup narrows the arteries, making it harder for blood to flow through. If a blood clot forms, it can stop the blood flow, which can cause a heart attack. Risk for cardiovascular disease is significantly high for people who are obese and smoke rs.If you are a smoker, then you can start reducing your risk as soon as you decide to quit. You increase your risk of cardiovascular disease as soon as you smoke a cigarette; it takes about fifteen years to fully reduce your risk of cardiovascular disease if you have smoked a cigarette. If you are obese a good way to reduce your risk of cardiovascular disease is to put yourself on a well-balanced diet, and an effective exercise plan. This will reduce fatty tissues in the body, which in return can reduce your risk for the cardiovascular disease. It is essential to remember to eat healthy and don’t cheat on your diet.Also a good exercise could consist of anywhere between beginners to intense exercise at least three days a week, for twenty to forty minutes. There are many things about chronic diseases that we can’t change, such as heredity and environmental standpoints that would have too big of an effect in some way if changed. Take cigarettes for example. If the govern ment were to make cigarettes illegal, there would be many people who wouldn’t be able to take cope with kind of information. With that being said, the government will not make cigarettes illegal, knowing the fact that it kills and maims thousands of people every year.Our immune system is what keeps us intact and away from these harmful diseases that the world has unleashed on us. It is our defense mechanism for all of our systems organs and cells. We have to take precautionary steps on the latter of health and wellness. Try to stay away from mostly things that are tobacco products, anything that has too many calories, and of course anything that’s illegal might not be good for you. Exercising and eating healthy is the sure fire way to keep your immune healthy and functioning as it should. ReferencesAmerican Heart Association (January 01, 2012) What is Cardiovascular Disease Retrieved from http:// www. heart. org/HEARTORG/Caregiver/Resources/whatsisCardiovascularDisease /What-is-Cardiovascular-Disease_UCM_30185_Article. jsp American Heart Association (January 01, 2012) Prevention and Treatment of Heart Attack Retrieved from http:// www. heart. org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartAttack/Prevention-and-treatment-of-Heart-Attack_UCM_002042_Article. jsp Jane Kelly, M. D (January 04, 2013). Diabetes Retrieved from http:// www. cdc. gov/media/presskits/aahd/diabetes. pdf Steven Edelman, M. D (August 12, 2008).What Is The Difference Between Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes? Retrieved from http:// www. abcnews. go. com/Health/DiabetesOverview/story? id=3843306#. UVuHDFfvuk1 The American Nurses Association (December 18, 2012) Home Environmental Health Risk Retrieved from http:// http://www. nursingworld. org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volume122007/No2May07/HomeEnvironmentalHealthRisks. html U. S Department of Health and Human Services (September 06, 2012) Environmental Health Retrieved from http:// http://www. healthyp eople. gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview. aspx? topicid=12

Characterization of the Film Sling Blade

The scene in Sling Blade which our class watched effectively created characterization for the character known as Carl. To begin the scene, it starts with Carl sitting and listening to a fellow in the same institution. A doctor interrupts his talking and says â€Å"there are some people for you to see†. The look on the man interrupted is dumbfounded. I can infer this is because Carl doesn't receive many visitors. This is the author’s first note of characterization. It shows that Carl wasn't a very popular man.Also throughout the scene there are dimmed lights, which make the audience believe that Carl is a dark person. He killed a man, and he never talks, all daunting characteristics which also contribute to the dark persona Carl seems to be carrying. The doctor continues to talk to Carl with precautions before they enter the interviewing room. He does this by using a tranquil voice and informing Carl â€Å"it’s a woman† which makes us question Carl’s character. Carl could be sexist, he might have killed a woman, or the doctor may just be saying this to persuade Carl into going.The doctor then enters a room with two women, he makes one of them leave, he turns the lights off, and then informs the interviewer that â€Å"Carl doesn't like to answer questions†. The detail that the doctor is taking so many reforms to reassure Carl’s satisfaction is rightly acknowledged by the interviewer when she asks what is stopping him from killing again. It also proves that the minor details shown by the doctor are proof that he doesn't believe Carl is ready to leave. This is a massive reflection on Carl’s character, showing that he is like a ticking time bomb waiting to explode.Carl finally enters the room and the audience is able to hear his first words. The transition can be felt by the viewer when the camera focuses in on Carl. His speech is raspy, and he is confined in his posture, fiddling with his hands. This shows low self-esteem which is also conveyed in his interview. He opens up to everyone in the room. He expresses his difficult childhood which creates empathy and pathos within the audience. This is the main transition, when the audience starts to feel sorrow towards the man who grew up in the barn, who was picked on in school, and who was fed â€Å"pretty regular†.The man sounds as if he was being raised as an animal, and yet the way he conveyed his story sounded as if he was complacent with the way his parents raised him. Carl characterized his dad by saying â€Å"my father was a hard working man, more than I can say for myself†. This describes Carl as a man with values. This intriguing man, known as Carl, has been characterized by many separate factors. All of which create someone who has great psychological obstacles which can make the average person understand further why Carl committed the crime he did.

Essay Sample on Self-Presentation Research of the Main Concepts

Essay Sample on Self-Presentation Research of the Main Concepts Self-Presentation essay example: Introduction The ability to manage impressions is an integral part in everyday life as individuals are able to alter peoples perceptions according to how one sees or wants to be seen by others. Self-presentation, also referred to as impression management, implies that an individual is monitoring how one is being perceived and evaluated by others and has considered the self-presentational implications of ones behavior (Leary, Nezlek, Downs, Radford-Davenport, Martin, McMullen, 1994). The amount of attention that people devote to their public images varies across situations and individuals. Some people are oblivious of others impression of them. On the other hand, there are people who are highly attuned to others evaluations and devote enormous amounts of effort to create the correct impression. A majority of people usually operate somewhere between these two bounds in that they tend to monitor at a moderate level on how they come across to others. However, in many situations people who are not mo nitoring or thinking about the impressions they are making can become quickly aware of others evaluative reactions (Leary Kowalski, 1990). Impression Motivation The discrepancy between why in certain situations people are motivated to affect how others perceive them, and other times not is referred to as impression motivation (Tetlock Manstead, 1985). Leary and Kowalski (1990) described impression motivation as being affected by three primary sets of factors: the perceived goal relevance of the persons impressions, the value of the persons desired goals, and the discrepancy between the persons desired and current images. Goal-relevance of impressions The more important the attainment of a goal is to ones self image, the more motivated people are to manage impressions to achieve that goal. People become more concerned with how others perceive them. Ferris and Porac (1984) researched some of the factors that would determine how relevant ones impressions are to the fulfillment of their goals. Their results indicated that people set higher goals when others were present. In other words, the more public a behavior is, the more significant it is to manage impressions to accomplish that goal. However, there are private behaviors that some people feel is necessary to self-present. Leary and Kowalski (1990) stated, people may privately prepare to perform impression-relevant behaviors in public (pg. 38). In some instances, people self-present in public settings so often that the actions become habitual, which may eventually carry over into their private behaviors. Value of desired goals People are motivated to manage their impressions the more they value a particular goal. Because the value of outcomes increases as their availability decreases, impression motivation should increase when valued outcomes are scarce. Pandey and Rastagi (1979) found that ingratiation in the workplace appears to increase, for example, as job competition becomes more fierce, and strategic self-presentation arises when valued resources are scarce. However, individual differences occur with people who are high in need for approval, because they are more motivated to self-present after failure in order to preserve their self-esteem (Schneider Turkat, 1975). This illustrates that being high in the need for approval is associated with greater incentive to manage impressions. Discrepancy between desired and current image This type of impression motivation occurs when there is a discrepancy between how the person wants to be seen by others and the image that person thinks others have of them. When an individual recognizes this discrepancy, there is a motivation to reduce the discrepancy. In a majority of situations, an embarrassing incident that is witnessed by someone else causes the need to initiate self-presentational tactics. Leary and his colleagues (1996) conducted an experiment that caused participants to become embarrassed, and then researchers noted that some of these participants engaged in self-presentational tactics to improve their damaged social image. Participants, through verbal expressions or blushing, were motivated to portray face-saving tactics to try to repair their image in the researchersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ eyes due to the embarrassing incident. Another type of discrepancy can occur when a person conveys an impression that is inconsistent with his or her own sense of self (Leary Kowalski, 1990). For example, if an applicant inadvertently insults an interviewer during a job interview, he or she would frantically try to retract the comment and assuage the situation. In these circumstances, individuals immediately try and self-present to get others to see them as they truly are, and to re-establish their social identity, which also restores their own sense of self. Self-Concept A persons self-concept is a primary determinant of the impressions one is trying to project. The more important or central a particular attribute is, the more likely it will be recognized through self-presentational behaviors. Effects of self-presentations on self-beliefs In a series of experiments, Jones and his colleagues (1981) investigated the effects of strategic self-enhancement or self-deprecation on subsequent ratings of self-esteem. In the first two experiments, participants who were induced to present themselves in either a self-enhancing or self-deprecating fashion during an interview later rated their self-esteem in a manner that was consistent with their self-presentations. Similarly, in the third experiment, participants who played a self-enhancing role for the interview also assessed their self-esteem as higher than they original began with. This shift was only true if the participant did not have pre-planned answers to the interview questions, but answered freely in-role. In the opposite experimental condition, participants playing a self-deprecating role demonstrated a lower self-esteem only when they were given a clear choice on whether to engage in the interview. Overall, the participants believability of their self-presentations en hanced the internalization of those presentations (Jones et al., 1981). Another experiment demonstrated that self-presentations have an impact on subsequent self-appraisals, behaviors, and recall of relevant events (Schlenker, Dlugolecki, Doherty, 1994, Experiment 1). Participants were either instructed to present themselves as sociable during an interview or were given information about the importance of sociability but were not interviewed. All of the participants waited in a room with a confederate who later judged how sociable each participant behaved. After the experiment, participants completed an assessment of their own sociability and any instances outside of the laboratory that were relevant to sociability. The results revealed that the participants who presented themselves as sociable at the interview later behaved more sociable, rated themselves as more sociable, and recalled more past experiences in which they behaved sociable than did the participants who were not interviewed. Another important finding was that no differences emerged for an y other features such as self-esteem, intelligence, leadership abilities, or affective states. Therefore, this experiment demonstrated not only that self-presentations have an impact on behaviors, but also that these effects correspond only to self-images portrayed in self-presentation and are not the results of a shift in affect or self-esteem (Schlenker et al., 1994). These findings allude to the idea that peoples self-concepts can be influenced by the way people present themselves. Audience effects Research has demonstrated that even the mere presence of an audience can enhance the internalization of ones self-presentations (Tice, 1992). A pair of studies showed that participants who were induced to describe themselves in particular ways for an audience tended to bring their self-beliefs more in line with their self-descriptions than participants who described themselves anonymously. In each study, after the participant was told in which manner to act, they were asked to take a chair into a waiting room where an unknown confederate would already be sitting. Sitting relatively close to the confederate and having a conversation characterized extraverted behavior. Introverted behavior was seen as sitting far from and not speaking to the confederate. The changes in self-beliefs extended to changes in the participants behaviors, and these behavioral changes occurred even when the participants were unaware of being observed (Tice, 1992, Study 2). At the end of the experiment, the par ticipants were debriefed and so no lasting self-concept changes would be seen in any follow-up procedures. Further research could examine whether this induced self-concept change could have lasting effects. Self-Presentation to Help Others People will strategically exploit or withhold information regarding a friends identity in order to help create a desired impression for a friend upon significant audiences. For example, if an employee in a business is trying to get a friend a job where he or she works, then the employee will deliberately speak of only the good qualities that the friend possesses and not about how lazy their friend can be at times. Schlenker and Britt (2001) explored this with participants who had to describe their friend to a researcher who was evaluating their partners cognitive skills. As predicted, people engaged in more beneficial impression management to help friends who experienced more evaluative pressure to make a good impression, and this was stronger for people who were higher in empathy. Participants spoke of their friends with more favorable descriptions, and this effect increased as empathy increased. In addition, the stronger the friendship was, the more their friends portrayed their pa rtner as having a great deal of integrative ability about an important trait. In contrast, when the measure of friendship strength was weaker, there was very little display of any significant responsiveness to the evaluative pressures on their friends. The closer the relationships were, the higher the empathy and concern for the well being of the other became (Schlenker Britt, 2001). In a similar study by Schlenker and Britt (1999), friends would strategically control information about their friends identity according to the qualities preferred by an attractive person of the opposite sex. The same was conducted with an unattractive person of the opposite sex. When the friend found the other person to be good looking, the participant described their friends attributes consistently with the qualities that the attractive person deemed important. For example, if the attractive target prefers someone who is outgoing and sociable as an ideal date, they will describe their friend as relatively outgoing and sociable. The opposite was true for an unattractive individual. The participant would describe the friends attributes as contradictory to what the unattractive person considered important. The participant hoped the unattractive person would feel that the friend was not their type. This tactic could serve to protect the friend from unappreciated and unwanted attention. This experiment illustrated impression management to benefit friends by promoting and protecting their desired identities. Thus, all acts of self-presentation are self-serving or devious (Schlenker Britt, 1999). Self-presentation among friends and strangers Most self-presentation research has dealt with managing impressions among strangers but not friends. However, how one creates a positive impression may vary according to the audience one is trying to impress. Tice and his colleagues (1995) found that people self-present in a much more promoting manner when the audience consisted of strangers, and more modestly when self-presenting among friends. Friends presumably know about their friends past successes and achievements, eliminating the need to be boastful so not to seem conceited. On the other hand, strangers are unaware of any achievements the participants had partaken in; therefore, they could speak more favorably about themselves without seeming redundant or arrogant. In Study 2, the audience was manipulated to be made up of all strangers and one friend. With the addition of a single friend, the participant was inhibited to self-present even though the audience was made up of a majority of strangers (Tice et al., 1995). The resul ts of Study 2 replicated the results found in Study 1. Participants were more modest when answering questions in front of a friend then in front of a stranger. This result is because it is unnecessary to try to impress people who already know their friends successes and failures, this would only make one seem arrogant and pompous. Therefore, when the opportunity arises to flaunt ones positive characteristic, it is usually among an unknown audience. Influence of Cognitive Load on Self-Presentation Pontari and Schlenker (2000) explored the difference in peoples self-presentational abilities when given an additional cognitive load. The participants were either extraverted or introverted, and were asked to participate in an interview where they would act either extraverted or introverted. When a participant was self-presenting congruently with their own behavior, remembering an eight-digit number did not hinder their self-presentational abilities. However, incongruent self-presentations were affected by the additional cognitive demand. When an extraverted person was asked to behave introverted during an interview and remember an eight-digit number, their acting capabilities were decreased. For extraverts, cognitive demand seemed to block needed cognitive resources, but they were still able to perform reasonably well. Ironically, the opposite was true for introverts playing an extraverted role during the interview. It seems that the addition of the cognitive load had a liberating effect in that their attention was diverted from worrying or feeling shy about acting extraverted since they had to remember the eight-digit number. Pontari and Schlenker (2000) took this a step further with their next study to evaluate other situations when introverted individuals may feel less publicly self-conscious or had fewer negative self-focused thoughts. It was found that regardless of the social situation, if any cognitive load was placed on an introverted individual, that person would experience a reduction in negative self-thoughts, a reduction in public self-consciousness, and an increase in the ability to create an out-of-character impression. Overall, increased cognitive load can improve social performance (Pontari Schlenker, 2000). Nonverbal Behavior and Self-Presentation Much of previous research has been devoted to the verbal aspects of self-presentation. Depaulo (1992) explored the realm of controlling nonverbal behavior for self-presentational purposes. People might take a chance at expressing something nonverbally that they would normally be reluctant to express verbally. It is easy to deny or alter the meaning of a facial expression if a person begins to regret having done so. Sex There is a gender difference in the ability to nonverbally self-present throughout all ages. Research conducted on preschoolers to adults all indicated that females are the more talented deceiving sex (Depaulo, 1992). Depaulo (1992) asserted that women are nonverbally more involved and more open in their interpersonal interactions than men. Their faces are more spontaneously expressive, and they are more successful at posing a particular emotion. Depaulo (1992) also reasons that from an early age, women were more concerned with making good impressions and avoiding bad ones that over time their ability to nonverbally self-present was enhanced. However, a womens ability to move their body in a more involved and expressive manner may have been deliberate to begin with, but over time could become a habitual act. On the other hand, it may just be a natural and more comfortable way for a woman to behave and has no self-presentational implications. Physical Attractiveness Physically attractive individuals are better at expressing emotions spontaneously and are better at posing emotions with their faces (Depaulo, 1992). The contributing factor is believed to be that attractive people are more confident about their abilities and feel that they have an advantage over others. Perhaps an explanation for this phenomenon is that the person who is speaking to the attractive individual is not paying attention to the words or facial expressions the good-looking person is portraying, but rather concentrating on his or hers physical attributes instead. Conclusion The level of self-presentation one partakes in is motivated by how relevant managing an impression is in order to obtain a goal, how much an individual values that goal, and if an individual feels that there is a discrepancy between the image one wants to project and the image others perceive. In some situations, a person may self-present so often that the actions become habitual, then the person may begin to internalize those beliefs and their self-esteem is affected accordingly. There are a myriad of possibilities where a person can use self-presentation to influence others perceptions. Research has indicated that people will self-present in behalf of a friend to try to create an impression for another individual while the friend is not available. Further, a person will refrain from self-presenting when speaking about themselves in front of friends, but will boast in front of strangers. The complexity of verbal and non-verbal self-presentation makes it an integral part in everyday life.

How Radio Waves Help Us Understand the Universe

How Radio Waves Help Us Understand the Universe Humans perceive the universe using visible light that we can see with our eyes. Yet, theres more to the cosmos than what we see using the visible light that streams from stars, planets, nebulae, and galaxies. These objects and events in the universe also give off other forms of radiation, including radio emissions. Those natural signals fill in an important part of the cosmic of how and why objects in the universe behave as they do. Tech Talk: Radio Waves in Astronomy Radio waves are electromagnetic waves (light), but we cant see them. They have wavelengths between 1 millimeter (one-thousandth of a meter) and 100 kilometers (one kilometer is equal to one thousand meters). In terms of frequency, this is equivalent to 300 Gigahertz (one Gigahertz is equal to one billion Hertz) and 3 kilohertz. A Hertz (abbreviated as Hz) is a commonly used unit of frequency measurement. One Hertz is equal to one cycle of frequency. So, a 1-Hz signal is one cycle per second. Most cosmic objects emit signals at hundreds to billions of cycles per second. People often confuse radio emissions with something that people can hear. Thats largely because we use radios for communication and entertainment. But, humans do not hear radio frequencies from cosmic objects. Our ears can sense frequencies from 20 Hz to 16,000 Hz (16 KHz). Most cosmic objects emit at Megahertz frequencies, which is much higher than the ear hears. This is why radio astronomy (along with x-ray, ultraviolet, and infrared) is often thought to reveal an invisible universe that we can neither see nor hear. Sources of Radio Waves in the Universe Radio waves usually are emitted by energetic objects and activities in the universe. The   Sun is the closest source of radio emissions beyond Earth. Jupiter also emits radio waves, as do events occurring at Saturn. One of the most powerful sources of radio emission outside of the solar system, and beyond the Milky Way  galaxy, comes from active galaxies (AGN). These dynamic objects are powered by supermassive black holes at their cores. Additionally, these black hole engines will create massive jets of material that glow brightly with radio emissions. These can often outshine the entire galaxy in radio frequencies. Pulsars, or rotating neutron stars, are also strong sources of radio waves. These strong, compact objects are created when massive stars die as  supernovae. Theyre  second only to black holes in terms of ultimate density. With powerful magnetic fields and fast rotation rates, these objects emit a broad spectrum of  radiation, and they are particularly bright in radio. Like supermassive black holes, powerful radio jets are created, emanating from the magnetic poles or the spinning neutron star. Many pulsars are referred to as radio pulsars because of their strong radio emission. In fact, data from the  Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope  showed evidence of a new breed of pulsars that appears strongest in gamma-rays instead of the more common radio. The process of their creation remains the same, but their emissions tell us more about the energy involved in each type of object.   Supernova remnants themselves can be particularly strong emitters of radio waves. The Crab Nebula is famous for its radio signals that alerted astronomer Jocelyn Bell to its existence.   Radio Astronomy Radio astronomy is the study of objects and processes in space that emit radio frequencies. Every source detected to date is a naturally occurring one. The emissions are picked up here on Earth by  radio telescopes. These are large instruments, as it is necessary for the detector area to be larger than the detectable wavelengths. Since radio waves can be larger than a meter (sometimes much larger), the scopes are typically in excess of several meters (sometimes 30 feet across or more). Some wavelengths can be as large as a mountain, and so astronomers have built extended arrays of radio telescopes.   The larger the collection area is, compared to the wave size, the better the angular resolution a radio telescope has. (Angular resolution is a measure of how close two small objects can be before they are indistinguishable.) Radio Interferometry Since radio waves can have very long wavelengths, standard radio telescopes need to be very large in order to obtain any sort of precision. But since building stadium size radio telescopes can be cost prohibitive (especially if you want them to have any steering capability at all), another technique is needed to achieve the desired results. Developed in the mid-1940s, radio interferometry aims to achieve the kind of angular resolution that would come from incredibly large dishes without the expense. Astronomers achieve this  by using multiple detectors in parallel with each other. Each one studies the same object at the same time as the others. Working together, these telescopes effectively act like one giant telescope the size of the whole group of detectors together. For example, the Very Large Baseline Array has detectors 8,000 miles apart. Ideally, an array of many radio telescopes at different separation distances would work together to optimize the effective size of the collection area as well improve the resolution of the instrument. With the creation of advanced communication and timing technologies, it has become possible to use telescopes that exist at great distances from each other (from various points around the globe and even in orbit around  the Earth). Known as Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), this technique significantly improves the capabilities of individual radio telescopes and allows researchers to probe some of the most dynamic objects in the  universe. Radios Relationship to Microwave Radiation The radio wave band also overlaps with the microwave band (1 millimeter to 1 meter). In fact, what is commonly called  radio astronomy, is really microwave astronomy, although some radio instruments do detect wavelengths much beyond 1 meter. This is a source of confusion as some publications will list the microwave band and radio bands separately, while others will simply use the term radio to include both the classical radio band and the microwave band. Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

The Credit Default Swap of Central East European Countries Essay - 4

The Credit Default Swap of Central East European Countries - Essay Example The risk in entailment of equity investment is high in Central European countries compared to Countries of Western Europe and this is mainly due to factors such as the weak rule of the governments, difficult and complicated financial accounts of organizations, currency risks, the transparent rule in government institutions etc. Economic performance of each country is unique and therefore equity risk premium is different for each country.The currency board is the controller of interest rates and provides financial stability to the country. The CDS premium is a powerful instrument in the credit derivatives market because it is a direct tool for measuring the credit default spreads. CDS spreads is in proportion to the pure valuation of defaulting risk of the primary body. Credit risk is tested by approximating the equity price and the volatility jumps in the financial market. CDS spread commonly referred is the premium payment for a CDS. Credit Default Swap spreads is a yardstick for pricing and hedging insecurities. â€Å"Risk premiums for Central Europe have increased substantially over the past two years and may well come down again when confidence returns to global financial markets. This may represent an excellent buying opportunity, as risk premiums tend to rise or even overshoot during turbulent financial markets.† (Nemethy 2009). The main objective of this dissertation is to examine the differences in the risk premium reflected in the CDS of CEE countries, especially Bulgaria. Bulgaria has a currency board restriction. Countries which have a currency board restrictions faceless degree of inflation and experience more GDP growth. The idea of this dissertation is to convince that risk premiums in CDS have an impact on the economy and has differences in the risk premium. Credit default swaps are an indicator of global financial crisis.

Claims and reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Claims and reflection - Essay Example It is just that, it is not as simple compared to the American Constitution where the Bill of Rights are readily contained in the Amendments one to ten for easy reference. I thought that perhaps we are an older country than them with a more complicated legal system with a monarchy to consider which is why our legal system is more complicated than them. I was not however daunted. Deep in my gut, I know that despite the absence of a written regulation of a Bill of Rights, UK does not in any way, put lesser importance to it. In the first place, the first Bill of Rights that was contained in the Magna Carta which was drafted in UK soil in 1787 and that piece of history alone manifests how much importance we place as a people on the Bill of Rights. I knew I just have to look and research further for the paper to take form. This led me to the better understanding of the British legal system of how it works in the absence of a formal Constitution. Compared to United States where their laws are codified in a written Constitution, â€Å"our laws are a combination of statute law and the principles of the common law and equity developed by our courts. Our system is based upon the constitutional principles of Parliamentary sovereignty and the Rule of Law† (Commission on a Bill of Rights). Our framework of Bill of Rights may not be contained in the Amendments one to ten such as the case of the American Constitution, but its statutes can be rooted from documents such as the as Magna Carta in 1215 and the Declaration of Arbroath in 1320, the later Bill of Rights and Scottish Claim of Right in 1689, and the Reform Acts of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Proposing what should a UK Bill of Rights contain requires understanding on how British legal system adopts or creates a law. In the case of Bill of Rights, it requires further understanding of British constitution because I have to understand how the international Human Rights treaties

Essay On the Lynch Speech ( Full Text Provided )

On the Lynch Speech ( Full Text Provided ) - Essay Example (1). The alleged speech focuses on solving the problem that slave owners of Virginia in maintaining control over their slaves, through the methods that William Lynch had refined through their use on slaves in his plantations in the West Indies. (2). In essence the advice given to the slave owners of Virginia to maintain control over their slaves is based on the divide and rule policy used successfully by the Romans in the past, and the British in more recent times, to maintain control over their much larger colonies. The basis of the divide and rule policy lies in enlarging the differences within the targeted set of people to such an extent that they act as divisive forces to rend the people apart such that they hate those that are marginally different through color, caste, or religion and look more favorably on those subjugating them. This is the advice found in the text of the alleged William Lynch speech â€Å"I have outlined a number of differences among the slaves: and I take these differences and make them bigger. I use fear, distrust, and envy for control purposes†. (2). The advice given in the speech is not restricted to just the masters of the houses of the white slave owners, but also for the women and children, such that there is no area among the white slave owners from where respite is offered on this strategy. The speech contains the self-belief that indoctrinating the black slaves to look upon even the slight variances among themselves including color, age, and sex with â€Å"fear, distrust and envy† or social reengineering as the cure all for retaining control and dominating the black slaves, not just in the immediate times, but extending for hundreds of years. (2). The alleged speech reflects the manner in which the black slaves were subjugated into slavery. Following the advice was supposed to keep the blacks enslaved for centuries, but in about

BUGusa Inc. & WIRETIME Inc. Scenarios Essay Example for Free

BUGusa Inc. WIRETIME Inc. Scenarios Essay BUGusa Inc. is based in any state USA. The company provides critical software technology that allows eaves dropping, sound collection and more to law enforcement agencies throughout the states and federal government within the United States of America. BUGusa Inc. is looking to expand its services, expertise and software at an international level. In the course of their operations there have been some questionable behaviors concerning internal and external factors that are affecting the flow of operations and in some cases, this behavior may cause serious issues with the integrity of the software and its security. WIRETIME Inc. is a fairly new company competing against BUGusa Inc. That seeks to gain information on BUGusa Inc. by infiltrating its workforce and recruiting its best and brightest. Throughout this paper I will address some of those case scenarios and do my best to answer the questions set forth by the assignment. 1st Scenario: Has WIRETIME Inc. committed any torts? BUGusa Inc. vs. WIRETIME Inc. In this case scenario we find that WIRETIME Inc. has made an intentional negative public statement against BUGusa Inc, and more specifically against its product reliability. This behavior by WIRETIME Inc. can be seen as a gross move against BUGusa Inc. reputation, thus causing distrust in their products and services from the general public, state and federal agencies home and abroad. The behavior demonstrated by WIRETIME Inc. while not uncommon in the business world, can be seen as a defamation or libel tort, and this can give BUGusa Inc. leverage against WIRETIME Inc. in a lawsuit. BUGusa Inc. may sue for any marketing related costs it will incur to help its image rise to new and higher levels of trust within its current customers and future customers nationally and internationally; it wouldn’t  be a surprise if they also try to collect from possible damages it may have incurred from actual or potential loss of profit stemming from the ad circulated by WIRETIME Inc. and the distrust it may have already or potentially cause in the future against BUGusa Inc. WIRETIME Inc. could make the argument that its intention was not to harm BUGusa Inc. reputation because their statements were opinion based and not objective facts. In order to rebuttal the argument by WIRETIME Inc., and to build new trust, BUGusa Inc. could demonstrate that its products and services work well beyond the one-month capabilities that WIRETIME Inc. suggested on its supposedly opinion ad. By demonstrating that their software and services work beyond the one- month mark, they can surely h old their ground against their competitor and possibly create new business and stronger relationships with its consumers, and, at the same time win the lawsuit against WIRETIME Inc. 2nd Scenario: Has WIRETIME Inc. committed any torts? Janet, head of the RD department at BUGusa Inc. has two more years in her contract with her current company. She has been offered a much lucrative opportunity to work for the competition (WIRETIME Inc.) But there is a provision in her current contract that prohibits her to work for the competition for the following two years of her contract even if she was fired before that time expires. This is called the non – compete clause. Janet disclosed this information (non – compete clause) to the head of human resources at WIRETIME Inc. when he or she offered Janet employment with their company. You would think that this information would deter any further headhunting approach from WIRETIME Inc. because of the consequences Janet’s breach of duty to BUGusa Inc. may cause her if she accepts and the liability WIRETIME Inc. picks up by performing this intervening event against the non – compete clause BUGusa Inc. has on Janet’s contract. After Janet exposed the non – compete clause, the head of human resources at WIRETIME Inc. persisted and offered to increase her pay by 10% and added a $5,000.00 signing bonus to the deal. Janet had a duty to BUGusa Inc. and she committed a breach of contract by accepting the offer from the competing company by evidence of acceptance. There was an offer, acceptance, consideration,  consent, capacity, legal purpose, and writing. While it was illegal to work for the competitor, it was not illegal for her to resign from BUGusa Inc. WIRETIME, clearly intended to have Janet violate her legal agreement and contractual restriction with BUGusa Inc. and committed the tort of interference in a contractual relationship between Janet and BUGusa Inc. 3rd Scenario: WIRETIME Inc. (Steve Walter) Discuss BUGusa Inc. Liability for Walters’s actions. WIRETIME Inc. has made it its main mission to infiltrate its competitor and retrieve high value information from BUGusa Inc. by all means necessary. WIRETIME Inc. sends one of its employees, (STEVE) to apply for a position at BUGusa. Such is their luck that Steve, not only gets hired, but he secures a position within BUGusa Inc. research and development department. BUGusa Inc. failed to realize that Steve was an employee at WIRETIME Inc. thus placing the companies’ sensitive information at risk. While at BUGusa, Steve was picked up by an attentive security guard (Walter) who found out through the grapevine and investigation, that Steve was a spy amongst them working for the competitor. Walter decided to approach Steve and take him in to a soundproof room, and retrieve the truth from Steve through intimidating threats against his physical safety for six hours. Steve, of course fearing for his physical well being, disclosed his purpose in the company what information he has passed along and whom he truly worked for. While Walters’s frustration with Steve is understandable, his handling of the situation is totally unacceptable and carries some penalties with it. Walter created an atmosphere of stress, mentally and physically against an employee, regardless of his true intentions; BUGusa Inc. should of done its homework through background checks against Steve and probably saved itself the headache. Nevertheless, Walters’s behavior was thuggish and criminal thus creating the tort of assault. Walter could have held Steve and called the police, then followed through with charges against Steve and WIRETIME Inc. but his course of action may result in Steve goi ng after BUGusa Inc through vicarious liability. This liability holds BUGusa Inc. as responsible for Walters’s behavior and actions while performing his normal duties in the workplace. 4th Scenario: Parking lot of BUGusa Inc. Crime problem. What defense if any, may be available to BUGusa Inc.? As with all working environments, it is the legal and implied duty of any employer to provide a healthy and safe work environment for its employees, vendors and any other patrons visiting or performing work at any job site within the United States of America. Here we can see that this particular BUGusa Inc. branch that is located in Shady town USA, has been the victim of multiple attacks on its employees and its vendors and also fell pray to vandalism. This problematic issue is well known to the residents of the community where BUGusa has its building; this leads me to know that management at BUGusa Inc. must have also been aware of this problem and failed to address it properly. I do not see any available defense for BUGusa Inc. on the matter of the vendor being attacked and robbed while waiting to deliver goods at the facility mentioned above. BUGusa has a duty to its employees, vendors and any patron performing any job within its premises to provide adequate safety measures that w ill deter thief’s from braking in to cars and vandalizing company property, but most importantly from harming the people within its property at all times. Having a well lit parking lot means all lights are working properly and to their full capacity, and in this case, they had a few lights that were not operating at all. Also, well-lit areas are not enough security against a hostile environment that has in the past proven to be dangerous against employees and vendors. The company breached its duty by not upgrading its security measures after the first reported assaults against its employees, this negligence caused that the vendor become another victim of the crime wave affecting its private property. The injury to the employees and vendor are financial, mental and may well be physical if not yet. The tort that applies here is negligence on the part of BUGusa Inc. If they would have reevaluated their security stance against the rise in crime and violence on their property and its surrounding community, it could have avoided such negligence. 5th Scenario: Randy and Brian (BUGusa Inc.) What defense may be available to BUGusa Inc.? The following Scenario holds two parties as responsible for failing to perform their required duties as responsible citizens and employees. By both parties being negligent, they are both are potentially at fault; they violated personal and business duty, breached their duties to their safety and business safety, causing an accident and damages to private and business property not to mention the physical injuries if any, and obvious financial injuries to personal and business property. Both Randy and Brian were negligent in their actions, Brian, as an employee of BUGusa Inc. could have avoided the crash if he were following the speed limit or driving in accordance with road and area conditions. Randy failed to obey the yield sign and assumed the risk of being impacted by another vehicle. Here we can apply comparative or contributory negligence because they were both at fault, if BUGusa Inc. can prove that Randy had more to do with the cause of the accident then they may well win the c ase. 6th Scenario: Sally may have a successful case against BUGusa Inc. for what Tort? Just as in the actual case of General Motors, BUGusa Inc. failed to notify the consumers of the potential hazards of using their products. BUGusa tried to save money at the risk of consumer’s safety by taking shortcuts in the manufacturing and assembly process, knowing that such shortcuts may result in short circuit and in some cases harm to its product users they moved forward with its sale and fielding. Strict Product Liability Tort states that the manufacturer, distributor and seller are responsible for any harm and or injury caused by failure to inform of manufacturing defects or design defects. By designing the product without the necessary insulation, Sally was exposed to a short and suffered injuries. BUGusa Inc. is clearly in hot water and can be liable for all harm and injuries stemming from this negligent act. References Cornell University. (2014). Tort. Retrieved from http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/tort Expert Law. (2014). Negligence / Personal Injury. Retrieved from http://www.expertlaw.com/library/personal_injury/negligence.html Hill, M. (2011). The Legal Environment of Business. A Managerial Approach: Theory to Practice. Phoenix, AZ: Copyright  © McGraw-Hill Company.

Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Homers Iliad :: Iliad essays

Fate and Destiny in The Iliad The Iliad portrays fate and destiny as supreme and ultimate forces. The Iliad presents the question of who or what is finally responsible for a man's destiny, yet the answers to this question are not quite clear. In many instances, it seems that man has no control over his fate and destiny, but at other points, it seems as if a man's fate lies in the consequences of his actions and decisions. Therefore, The Iliad reveals a man sometimes controls his destiny. In The Iliad the god's fate is controlled much in the same way as a mortal's, except for one major difference, the immortals cannot die and therefore do not have a destiny. Immortal's lives may not be judged because they have not and will not die. The gods are able to manipulate mortal's fate but not their own directly. In Book I, the plague is a result of the upsetting of Apollo. The gods produce situations over trivial things, such as forgetting a sacrifice or, in this case, insulting Chryses. The gods have temper tantrums, and they switch sides quickly and without consideration. One day they protect the Achaeans, the nextt day the Trojans. The gods play favorites with no sense at all of any of the moral or political issues involved in the war. Zeus does what he can, but the others behave as though they were better than all the rest, in more ways than one. They have no compassion for their own kind, and their concern for man is even less. Occasionally, the gods will show c oncern for one of their favorites when he is having a bad time, but it is very rare. This attitude is the result of their own vindictiveness against humanity and man's own tendency to irrational behavior or carelessness in worshipping the gods. But more often than not, men find themselves fighting a force beyond their control. The opening statement of The Iliad contains the phrase "the will of Zeus," and this reflects the Greek's belief that man is in the grip of forces that he cannot control. It is also another way of saying that all things are fated and out of the hands of man. Book XXII shows that the gods control the fates of man: But once they reached the springs for the fourth time,

Teachers with Guns

How much should we trust our teachers? Schools have been going from bad to worse, in terms of safety. There have been a lot of shootings at schools over the years, but recently they have been over the top in horror. If teachers had guns, would the students be safer? We are going analyze schools safety, shootings in schools, and armed guards or teachers with guns. Schools have been doing a lot to limit, if not stop, the violence on school grounds. There are districts in Oklahoma that have already done a lot to prevent school violence. Putnam City School district already has security cameras in it; as a matter of fact about 30% of high schools have security cameras installed. They also have a police officer walking the halls and working as security on school grounds. The real question is, is all this security helping the district on keeping the violence down? In the case of the Putnam City district the security measures are helping. With the 750 security cameras over the 27 schools, police officers and security officers in schools, secure access entrances, lockdown drills, etcetera†¦ the schools have had a low violence rate compared to other schools across the country.Teacher Cadet Essay The bad part about this is that kids are still getting weapons into the schools. In this situation a kid can just put a weapon into his or her bag and take it into class. One of the security measures that this district is missing would be police officers with metal detectors in the entrances, when the kids are coming into class. If more school districts carried security policies as strict as Putnam City does, there would be less violence in the schools. All this is helping to lower violence in schools, rather than teachers having guns. Giving teacher guns will increase the pressure on schools and may cause more harm then good. Even though the Newton, Connecticut shooting was horrible not all situations are like this. There were 27 people killed in the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. This was done by a mentally ill person. Not all situations are going to be like this one. He forced himself into the school by shooting the door and crawling through it. While there was very little to stop a person like this, however if a police was officer at the school to stop him once he was in the building thing would have been different. Having teachers with guns in schools, to help stop violence, is basically contradicting itself. Having untrained teachers carrying guns is dangerous. Being in a stressful situation that you are not ready for or trained for, will make you act out of randomness not thinking clearly of what is really going on. The situation I am referring to is a shooting in school. Very few teachers have had any experiences with guns. Out of all of the years I was in school, not including college, I had two teachers with military backgrounds. Those actually have used guns on other people. To have a teacher, that has only taught his or her entire life, pull a gun on a student would be very stressful and may not be able to act under that situation. Also many teachers may have a short temper in the first place and pull a gun on a student. That would be an entirely different situation that the school would need to handle in long hours of court time. Many teachers do not teach for the money. The range of salary for a high school teacher in Oklahoma it anywhere from $41,000. 00 to $61,000. 00. This is just for high school, the pay decreases from middle school all the way the elementary. Also most of the teachers are closer to the $41,000. 00 then the $61,000. 00, the teacher with the high end pay will mainly be more for private school teachers then public schools. This being said, teacher love their students. They think of them more as family, because more time is spent with them than with their real families. Many teachers would quit if guns could be carried by teacher. Like I said teacher are become teacher for the kids not for the money. If they were in it for the money, they would choose a different career past. The teacher lover there students, and they would rather quit than have a gun on them to protect them. The teacher lover there students so much they would rather quit then being in more danger into the schools. Guns on school premises would bring in a lot of different issues. The main one that I would see right off the bat would be storage of the guns. Would each teacher need to carry the gun with them at all times? If not that are there going to be safes in each of the class rooms to have the gun in, because any student can overpower a teacher and just take the gun if they wanted to. This would make the situation worse; the students would already have the weapons on school grounds. All they need to do is find a way to get it, and there will be students that will want to get the guns to cause harm, make a since, or just to prove a point. Teacher with guns just sounds bad. Making this a reality across the country will take a long time, because all the teachers will need to be trained to use guns. There needs to be many hours of training, so they would be shooting in a different direction when things like shooting happen. Also they will need to be trained on when to use the guns. Just when there is an intruder or when there is big outburst in school like a massive fight that gets out of control with a teacher and they are scared for their life. On the other hand you can have an armed police officer at the schools to prevent the shooting and even the violence. Just having a police officer present will help keep the students in line. The title of police officer has too many students, respect behind it and the students know that; students will have more respect for a police officer than one of their teachers with guns. This is because to them teachers are there to teach and the police officer is there just to keep everything in order. You may even go out and say for the principle of the school have a gun in his office, if the school does not have the funds to obtain an armed police officer as security. Having the principle of the school carry a gun is more understandable then every teacher having a gun. The principal has an office that no student is allowed into without the principal in the office with them. They would be much easier to keep track of, because everyone will know who has the gun and if anything happens someone can help from within the school. This would be much cheaper than having an armed police officer and teaching every teacher to shoot and carry a gun properly. This would be a good idea for low funded school, not the best idea but will help. I have looked into taking gun control classes. I have asked around for people to teach me, and the average cost per hour is anywhere from $25. 00 to $75. 00. They also charge per person that wants to learn how to shoot. The average cost hour may go down if there is a big group, but this is still a big number. As you can see the cost to teach all the teachers in a school will be an extraordinarily large amount. This is just cover the cost of shooting, not including the mental strength that needs to be taught in order to handle a gun against another person. This being said, having a police officer as guard at the schools would be cheaper. The average pay for an Oklahoma City Police Officer is about $47. 000. 00. This is a fairly large amount, but the advantages are much greater. They already have their gun training and mental strength to handle stressful situations. â€Å"No matter the risk, so that others may live†, this is said by many law enforcement officers. They are ready to do anything to save lives, even though they have their own families. This is there chose, now how many teachers are able to do this? The truth is that teacher my love their students, but some may think twice before acting in a harmful situation. This hesitation, if even for a second, can cost the lives of more people than good that it could bring. Schools are safer with policemen, not enough to stop a mentally ill person from getting in, but to stop violence in school. Even though the shooting in Newton was horrible, not all shootings are going to be like this one. Teaching teachers to shoot will cost more then, the actual cost of getting a police officer to guard to school grounds. Police officers will always be on top of their game in any harmful situation, this is their main priority keeping people safe. Police officers will be more alert on school shooting and the extra security installed will help prevent violence in the schools. Police officers are trained to be in stressful situations; and in case of a shooting, most teachers will not have the proper mental strength to pull the trigger. Over all a police officer will be able to act and live with whatever happens. Teachers will not be able to handle the situation as will, and for us to ask them for that is just wrong.